In the recently published Universal/EMI decision, the European Commission developed a novel theory of harm based on the impact of the transaction on the merging parties’ bargaining power. This memo explains the economic reasoning behind the Commission’s bargaining theory and presents a critical view of its application to the recorded music industry. In particular, the memo argues that the theory did not fit the facts of the case, and highlights some of the pitfalls to be avoided when testing such bargaining theories of harm.
Insights from the final panel at the CRA Brussels Conference 2025: Shaping the future of digital regulation and competition
The closing panel from 2025 CRA Brussels Conference, “Digital Regulation in Action: The DMA, AI, and the Future of Competition” moderated by Dr Matteo Foschi