For an international metals producer, CRA experts conducted a technical and economic feasibility study of a new process developed for the metallothermic production of titanium sponge from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Compared to conventional processes, this technology offered the dual advantages of continuous operation and reduced labor requirements. CRA engineers derived capital and operating cost estimates from a process flowsheet and a major equipment list for the new technique.
Who bore the tariff burden? Economics of IEEPA refund disputes
The refund question sits at the intersection of customs procedure, administrative law, but also economics, and resolution will likely vary significantly across...