For an international metals producer, CRA experts conducted a technical and economic feasibility study of a new process developed for the metallothermic production of titanium sponge from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Compared to conventional processes, this technology offered the dual advantages of continuous operation and reduced labor requirements. CRA engineers derived capital and operating cost estimates from a process flowsheet and a major equipment list for the new technique.
Calculating damages in IEEPA tariff refund litigation
But it did not resolve a harder question: Who bore their economic cost? That distinction is now driving two parallel waves of private litigation: commercial...