For an international metals producer, CRA conducted a technical and economic feasibility study of a new process developed for the metallothermic production of titanium sponge from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Compared to conventional processes, this technology offered the dual advantages of continuous operation and reduced labor requirements. CRA engineers derived capital and operating cost estimates from a process flowsheet and a major equipment list for the new technique.
Mining arbitrations in Africa
Yet, alongside the continent’s extraordinary resource potential lies a legal landscape marked by rising dispute risks, geopolitical flux, and intensifying...