For an international metals producer, CRA experts conducted a technical and economic feasibility study of a new process developed for the metallothermic production of titanium sponge from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Compared to conventional processes, this technology offered the dual advantages of continuous operation and reduced labor requirements. CRA engineers derived capital and operating cost estimates from a process flowsheet and a major equipment list for the new technique.
Mining arbitrations in practice: Filing trends, shifting geography, and claimant recovery
Building on CRA’s 2023 study of disputes involving mineral assets, Tiago Duarte-Silva and Swati Kanoria examine over 150 investor-State mining arbitrations...