For an international metals producer, CRA conducted a technical and economic feasibility study of a new process developed for the metallothermic production of titanium sponge from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Compared to conventional processes, this technology offered the dual advantages of continuous operation and reduced labor requirements. CRA engineers derived capital and operating cost estimates from a process flowsheet and a major equipment list for the new technique.
Country risk
In “Country Risk”, a chapter published in The Guide to Damages in International Arbitration, Tiago Duarte-SIlva explores the difficult task of assessing how an...