In a study for a large producer of aluminum, CRA experts evaluated the sensitivity of electricity pricing and contracting arrangements to an aluminum smelter. CRA provided a “bottom-up” estimate of likely operating economies. As part of the study, CRA analyzed the smelters’ cash operating costs based on electricity pricing information available publicly, made an engineering evaluation of the curtailment in production associated with various degrees of electricity demand reduction, and estimated the associated loss of profit.
Looking ahead to 2026: Trends and expectations for International Arbitration
Across both investor-state and commercial cases, quantum debates have recently turned on attribution under concurrent shocks, the interaction of contract terms...