For the EPA, CRA analyzed the recycling potential of auto catalytic converters of Pt, Pd, and Rh. Estimated the processing costs of recycling and quantities of metal available for recycling based on trends in types of catalyst loading to be used in future loading compositions, including two-way, three-way, and other PGM catalysts. For the EPRI, CRA analyzed the potential long-run supply of many battery and electronic minerals, including PGMs.
Mining arbitrations involving offtake agreements: Industry and damages considerations
Under an offtake mining agreement, a buyer or offtaker commits to purchase a specified quantity or portion of a seller’s future mining output. Offtake mining...