On 23 December 2025, Apple reached an agreement with the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE), which brought about the end of an investigation in Brazil for alleged anticompetitive practices regarding the iOS digital ecosystem. A CRA team, including Marcio de Oliveira Junior, Benno Buehler, Dominik Fischer, Kilian Mueller, Samuel Zimmermann, Hazal Sezer, Iana Gerina, William Reeve, Inkeri Lipasti and Kimberly Tanos, provided economic analysis and support to Apple during the investigation.
Data sharing in hybrid marketplaces with endogenous fee setting
The issue is especially timely given provisions in the EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) designed to expand access to data held by large digital platforms. The...