In 2010, the European Commission investigated the transatlantic joint venture between BA, AA, and Iberia (the Atlantic Joint Business Agreement) and imposed commitments on six routes reflecting the loss of competition on those routes. In October 2018, in advance of the expiry of the commitments, and with five of the six routes touching the UK, the UK’s CMA opened a further competition investigation. A team of CRA Competition consultants supported airlines in assessing the competitive effects of the joint venture and effectiveness of the commitments.
Premier League replica kit: Relevant product markets to assess exclusivity and football club market power
Recent enforcement by the UK competition authority, with clubs fined for price-fixing and existing precedent on exclusive dealing, has not deterred clubs from...