Farrell and Shapiro (2008) have proposed a test – called the Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) test – to evaluate potential unilateral effects of horizontal mergers. This comment shows that the UPP test – suitably reinterpreted and properly implemented – can be applied usefully also in industries where suppliers set prices through bidding competition.
CRA's Competition & Antitrust Practice commemorates Canada Day
Our Toronto team advises clients on complex antitrust, merger, and regulatory matters in Canada, Europe, and the United States. We would like to take this...