Farrell and Shapiro (2008) have proposed a test – called the Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) test – to evaluate potential unilateral effects of horizontal mergers. This comment shows that the UPP test – suitably reinterpreted and properly implemented – can be applied usefully also in industries where suppliers set prices through bidding competition.
An economic approach could curb broad antitrust classes
On July 16, a federal court certified the “Cattle Plaintiffs Producer Class” in In Re Cattle and Beef Antitrust Litigation, a case alleging that Cargill, JBS,...