Farrell and Shapiro (2008) have proposed a test – called the Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) test – to evaluate potential unilateral effects of horizontal mergers. This comment shows that the UPP test – suitably reinterpreted and properly implemented – can be applied usefully also in industries where suppliers set prices through bidding competition.
IP Literature Watch: May 2023
In this month’s IP Literature Watch we include a paper providing an overview of the proposed alternative dispute settlement frameworks under the Data Act and...