Farrell and Shapiro (2008) have proposed a test – called the Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) test – to evaluate potential unilateral effects of horizontal mergers. This comment shows that the UPP test – suitably reinterpreted and properly implemented – can be applied usefully also in industries where suppliers set prices through bidding competition.
Antitrust issues in e-commerce
Furthermore, the growth of technology has significantly affected antitrust and competition analysis. The importance of innovation, the dynamic nature of the...