Farrell and Shapiro (2008) have proposed a test – called the Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) test – to evaluate potential unilateral effects of horizontal mergers. This comment shows that the UPP test – suitably reinterpreted and properly implemented – can be applied usefully also in industries where suppliers set prices through bidding competition.
CRA Sessions: AI in Practice | Copyright in the age of AI: Following the evidence
A historic $1.5 billion settlement by Anthropic delivered the first significant judicial ruling on the issue. The ruling is expected to influence how courts,...