Farrell and Shapiro (2008) have proposed a test – called the Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) test – to evaluate potential unilateral effects of horizontal mergers. This comment shows that the UPP test – suitably reinterpreted and properly implemented – can be applied usefully also in industries where suppliers set prices through bidding competition.
IP Literature Watch: September 2022
Among the pieces featured in this month’s IP Literature Watch are a paper discussing the licensing of 5G SEPs by automotive manufacturers; an essay exposing...