The financial landscape has changed significantly since the passage of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) in 1977. This paper provides an overview of how these changes have affected the coverage of the CRA, the structure of CRA regulated institutions, and their effectiveness in meeting the goals of the CRA. Marsha J. Courchane is co-author of this paper along with Robert B. Avery of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and Peter M. Zorn of Freddie Mac.
What CFPB enforcement history reveals about future priorities
The authors analyze the enforcement activity under each of the directors who served the CFPB since its inception and the civil money penalties collected by...