For the U.S. Department of Commerce, CRA analyzed the energy required to recover and process the metallic raw materials contained in manganese nodules. The study was intended to provide an objective comparison of the energy requirements to produce metals from ocean nodules with those involved in the production of the metals from land- based sources. Because of the simultaneous production of metals (nickel, copper, cobalt and manganese), energy was not assigned by individual metals but rather they were calculated to produce the same annual quantities of metals.
Uranium: A primer for dispute practitioners
In this Insights piece, CRA’s Jim Burrows and Saurabh Singh, assess the trends in uranium supply, demand, and prices and examine the potential impact of...