Insights & Events

CRA promotes 11 to vice president, strengthening expertise across the firm

IP Literature Watch: March 2026

Policy action to improve the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in Europe

Earnouts in M&A: Risk allocation, incentives, and post-closing disputes

Evaluation of North American natural gas markets amid recent global LNG supply disruptions

New research on the use of conjoint surveys with market simulation analysis for damages estimation in consumer protection class action litigation

The data-sharing paradox: Unintended consequences of mandated data-sharing policies

Three strategic bets on AI's future

“Suite dreams”: Market definition and complementarity in the digital age

Managing private markets risk for US banks

Funding innovation under pressure: examining the role of commercial health insurance in Europe

IP Literature Watch: February 2026

A new era in CNS drug delivery: Crossing the blood brain barrier

CRA strengthens its testifying capabilities with the addition of a renowned digital economy expert

Health system financing architecture: Leverage the opportunities from investing in noncommunicable diseases

Who bore the tariff burden? Economics of IEEPA refund disputes

ITR 2026 World Transfer Pricing Guide: Four CRA consultants recognized

Strategic Intelligence: Navigating shifts in pharmaceutical patent litigation

Trade Secret Litigation Watch: February 2026

Premier League replica kit: Relevant product markets to assess exclusivity and football club market power

Grid under pressure: Flexibility-centered large load policies overlook recent lessons​

Grid under pressure: Political intervention becomes a market reality

From spreadsheet to strategy: How leading pharma companies transform annual brand planning into competitive advantage

Grid under pressure: NERC’s evolution - Strategic risk management over compliance

Grid under pressure: Natural gas - An impending pressure point

Grid under pressure: The affordability risk for utilities​

IP Literature Watch: January 2026

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q4 2025

Executive summary: Role of offshore wind in solving emerging electricity crises

How to use generative AI for pricing

Utility-Owned Generation as a Solution

Identifying high-impact solutions to address racial and ethnic health disparities in lupus: A consensus-based approach

The actuarial perspective on AI: Value, responsibility, and the human element

CRA earns widespread recognition across biggest competition cases for GCR Awards 2026

Most Favored Nation pricing in the US

Securities Litigation Flash: Q4 2025 and Full Year 2025 Update

The first China Commercial Insurance Innovative Drug List (CIIDL) for 2026

US retail electricity rate trends analysis

CRA strengthens antitrust practice with addition of former DOJ division leader

Synergies between offshore wind and natural gas

Will your corporate backups survive a ransomware attack?

Looking ahead to 2026: Trends and expectations for International Arbitration

Rare Disease: 2025 in review

The future of Prescription Drug Affordability Boards (PDABs)

Project finance basics for International Arbitration practitioners

Aggregate royalty for cellular SEPs in recent court decisions

Alzheimer Europe 2025: Prioritising Alzheimer’s Disease policy in Europe

CRA experts nominated for prestigious 2026 Antitrust Writing Awards

IP Literature Watch: December 2025

Upper Payment Limits (UPLs) in action

$27,000 a year for health insurance. How can we afford that?

NERC compliance rubric of risk

How many hours should employees work?

WSJ: Electricity costs expected to keep rising—Jim McMahon weighs in

AI Boom Drives Demand For Power … New Mexico Asks: Who Pays?

Could AI find its limit in the power grid?

Rare disease PMA trends in France: Price achieved vs. disease prevalence

Rare disease PMA trends in France: Price achieved vs. type of clinical comparator arm

Insights from the final panel at the CRA Brussels Conference 2025: Shaping the future of digital regulation and competition

Is strong competition in GenAI a hallucination? Discussing economic insights in the industry

Navigating the future of EU merger control: Insights from the “All Points of the Compass” panel at the CRA Brussels Conference 2025

The evolving role of economic evidence in litigation — Insights from the CRA Brussels Conference 2025

Competition and trade: Partners for growth in a global economy? — Insights from the CRA Brussels Conference 2025

Highlights from the CRA Brussels Conference 2025: Three unresolved Article 102 questions in digital markets

European Commission EVP Ribera on innovation challenges at the CRA Brussels Conference 2025

Highlights from the CRA Brussels Conference 2025: Spotlight on Merger Guidelines

Upper Payment Limits (UPLs) explained

The evolving vaccine landscape: Insights from the 6th ESCMID Conference on Vaccines

Contested ground: Early competition and market dynamics in generative AI

IP Literature Watch: November 2025

The impact of AI on competition across business functions

TrumpRx: Enabling direct-to-patient care?

Consequences of counterfeit pharmaceutical product sales

Highlights from 2025 and looking forward to 2026

Key issues for the US banking sector

Broadcom/VMware: Navigating foreclosure theories across different jurisdictions

CRA Sessions | Always on: Reliability in focus – Utility wildfire risk, are we turning a corner?

Energy demand is rising in the winter. Offshore wind can help, report says

Data center ABS – Risks, yields, and ratings

Impacts of offshore wind on reliability and affordability in ISO-NE and NYISO

Anticompetitive conduct and patents listed in the Orange Book

Response to the European Commission’s targeted consultation on revising its merger guidelines

Former DOJ economist Goldstein moves to Charles River Associates

Upward pricing pressure in horizontal mergers with fuzzy capacity constraints

NCDs & long-term antimicrobial therapy

CRA consultants recognized in Lexology Index: Arbitration Expert Witnesses Report

The ins and outs of decentralized digital asset exchanges

An overview of data center financing and asset-backed securities

CRA Sessions | Always on: Reliability in focus – Emerging risks to grid reliability

Workday case shows auditing AI hiring tools is crucial

As Missouri wildfire risk grows, regulators and utilities take ‘proactive’ steps on prevention and preparedness

From preliminary to final approval: How often do settlements in securities class actions fail?

The optimal mix of thermal capacity in a load duration curve model with reserve requirements

ESMO 2025 Review: Bring me the horizon

GLP-1 access is shifting – Are stakeholders ready?

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q3 2025

CRA recognized in Lexology Index: IP

CRA strengthens its Forensic Services Practice

IP Literature Watch: October 2025

The contribution of offshore wind to grid reliability & resource adequacy

Patent damages: Recent trends in Rule 702 decisions

CRA strengthens its Antitrust & Competition Economics Practice

Policy solutions to improve access to fertility treatment and optimise patient care: consensus from an expert forum

Evaluating Medicare Stars for cardiovascular disease patients

How energy investment is evolving to meet AI-driven data center demand

Keler Marku joins CRA's Antitrust & Competition Practice

Webinar Insights | The Rise of Competitive Rare Diseases: European Payer Perspectives

Procurement auctions for broadband access: Starlink and the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund

Andrew Rosini joins CRA's Risk, Investigations & Analytics Practice

Decarbonisation challenges of two contrasting growth sectors: Data centres and aviation

Securities Litigation Flash: Q3 2025

CRA consultants recognized among leading IP professionals in the 2025 IAM Strategy 300

Introduction to PDABs: How US states are addressing high-cost prescription drugs

Keytruda & PD-(L)1: Life after programmed death (Part 3)

Navigating competitive arenas in rare disease

IP Literature Watch: September 2025

Rethinking wildfire cost recovery: Insights from Andrew Dressel

CRA's RADAR Insights: Impact of US pricing strategies on orphan drug pricing in Germany - Part 3

Seeing what sellers miss—a constructive approach to utility M&A in an age of increasing uncertainty

What happens when AI sets wages

The unexploited potential of data systems tracking medicines utilization: An opportunity to improve access to oncology combination therapies

Key takeaways on health care antitrust and competition from ASHEcon 2025

Q&A: Weaving forensic analysis with legal strategies to win an international trade fraud case

The impact of price controls on rare disease medicines access and lessons for the US

CRA Sessions | Readily ascertainable? AI’s role in redefining trade secrets

Frances Hendry joins CRA's Life Sciences Practice

Preparing for regulatory audits in an era of affordability scrutiny

Brand strategy with forecast and key performance indicators

Merger enforcement policies of the second Trump Administration: Early developments and priorities

CRA Sessions | Electricity planning: Shifting from peak demand to peak stress

Dr. Gregory Bell named Exceptional Expert in Power Players report on International Arbitration

Patient burden associated with acute & chronic resistant infections

EFLOPS >> MWs: The economics behind data center growth

Dr. Alison Hole joins CRA's Antitrust & Competition Economics Practice

IP Literature Watch: August 2025

Keytruda and PD-(L)1: Life after programmed death (Part 2)

New research reveals critical gender disparities in Alzheimer's treatment

Women Leaders in Life Sciences Law 2025 review: Evolving litigation risks in the age of policy uncertainties

A case for AXI

Sampling as a strategic tool in litigation and investigations: Precision and power for complex matters

Why a hotel room in New York costs $500 a night

CRA's RADAR Insights: Evolution of manufacturer-set list prices and GKV rebates for orphan drugs - Part 2

Parsing the CCUS supply chain: A series of commercial solutions

Partner or perish: The burning need for community partnerships for wildfire mitigation

The politician and the judge: Implications for competition policy

Trade Secret Litigation Watch: August 2025

Unpacking market power: Why industry prices fell following a merger

Chris Rucinski joins CRA's Forensic Services Practice

ERISA forfeitures and class action lawsuits

CRA strengthens its Transfer Pricing Practice

Pricing implications for drugs included in China’s Rare Diseases Catalogue (RDC)

Winning with AI now: Turning advanced decision support into action

Energy and ancillary services value stacking in ERCOT

IP Literature Watch: July 2025

Securities Litigation Flash: Q2 2025

CRA recognized in Lexology Index: Competition

CRA expands its Life Sciences Practice

Beyond co-location: The emerging opportunity for vertically integrated utilities in the data center boom

CRA Sessions | AI, inventorship, and the case for trade secrets

CRA's RADAR Insights: Factors impacting GKV rebates for orphan drugs in Germany - Part 1

Public safety power shutoff? Utilities must be proactive

Estimating private costs in a descending clock auction: The FCC’s rural digital opportunity fund

CRA recognized in Lexology’s North America Awards 2025

New study from CRA VP finds no material impact of stablecoins’ adoption on community bank deposits

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q2 2025

Brazil at the crossroads: Navigating the ripple effects of Trump’s tariffs

Digital platform regulation: Making markets work for people

Identifying and optimizing the Medical Affairs talent pool

Trump's hydrogen policy shift creates urgent decisions for energy executives

Update on the Texas Business Court: July 2025

The quantum era of AI-fueled drug discovery: Implications for pricing and market access strategy

CRA expands executive leadership team

Trump wants to use AI to prevent wildfires. Utilities are trying. Will it work?

Chambers and Partners recognizes CRA in 2025 Litigation Support and Crisis & Risk Management Guides

Potential MFN impact

Community credit needs assessments—why now?

Dr. Gene Tien joins CRA's Transfer Pricing Practice

Navigating the evolving landscape for psychedelic therapies

Josh Sherman rejoins CRA's Antitrust & Competition Practice

Residual doubts: Carving up common impact in the turkey class certification decision

IP Literature Watch: June 2025

CRA's Competition & Antitrust Practice commemorates Canada Day

Detecting financial crimes through blockchain analytics

The regulator’s balancing act: Data centers’ impact on affordability, reliability, and sustainability

An incomplete compendium of energy disputes

Special interests vs. the public interest: The cost of STR restrictions on households, cities, and visitors

CRA presents at AXS25 "GLP-1s: Riding the Wave of Innovative Medications"

CRA consultants named top experts in the 2025 IAM Patent 1000 rankings

A preview of the latest HMDA data

Kurt Strunk interviewed in The Energy Dispatch

ASCO 2025 review: Assessing complex choices, optimizing outcomes, and prioritizing patients

Understanding the link between wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) and the average sales price (ASP) of provider-administered drugs

Mining arbitrations in Africa

Balancing ESG goals and profit in the high-density era

Prospects and challenges for expert evidence at the UPC

IP Literature Watch: May 2025

Radiopharmaceuticals in focus: From breakthrough innovation to widespread patient access

Rare disease PMA trends in France: Price achieved by oncology vs. non-oncology rare disease products by ASMR

Dynamic capabilities and EC merger control: A difficult match?

Graham Ross joins CRA as Vice President, Global Chief Marketing Officer

The role of forensics in anti-money laundering investigations

Considerations for online expert surveys

Can Europe raise digital skyscrapers to rival America’s hyperscale boom?

Implications of Pennsylvania’s participation in RGGI on regional emissions and prices

CRA celebrates 60 years by ringing Nasdaq opening bell

Emergence of competitive rare diseases - Discussion Insights

Investing in health for a competitive, secure, and resilient Europe: A strategic call to action

Tanzania’s mining landscape: Underexplored and under pressure

The generality of the strong axiom

CRA Sessions | Always on: Reliability in focus – Resilience and the Western US electric system

Keytruda and PD-(L)1 LoE: Life after programmed death (Part 1)

60 seconds with Swati Kanoria

Removing the roadblocks: Policies to improve access to long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)

The economic cost of living with a rare disease in Japan

New DOJ guidelines focus the fight against white-collar crime

Analyzing prices during shortages: Evidence from COVID-19 and travel nurses

Kurt Strunk joins CRA's Energy Practice

The mortgage market in 2024: Highlights from the data reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

Prioritising Alzheimer’s disease policy in Europe: Insights from oncology

Viktor Tsyrennikov joins CRA's Financial Economics Practice

Powering the AI boom

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q1 2025

100 days. 15 executive orders. Some bold healthcare policies.

IP Literature Watch: April 2025

Asembia AXS25: Becky Davis on GLP-1s

Asembia AXS25: Market shift predictions and insurance challenges for GLP-1 weight loss drugs

Asembia AXS25: Rising demand, new indications put GLP-1s in the spotlight

Lenders: Analyze your 2024 redlining risk now

Asembia AXS25: Navigating the evolving landscape of GLP-1 medications

Securities Litigation Flash: Q1 2025

Tariff structures for data centers and utilities

Measuring and mitigating harm from discriminatory taxes

Chris Ferguson and Chris Rowley join CRA's Risk, Investigations & Analytics Practice

Overview of IP litigation in the US involving Chinese companies

The emergence of competitive arenas in rare diseases

2025 MDA Clinical & Scientific Conference Review

Debunking the myths around internal carbon pricing

Raja Chatterjee joins CRA's Risk, Investigations & Analytics Practice

Were shareholders harmed by Senate Bill 21’s amendments to the Delaware General Corporation Law?

Identifying and mitigating the challenges associated with tariffs

Uranium: A primer for dispute practitioners

Calif. bar touts reduction in racial disparity in atty discipline

IP Literature Watch: March 2025

Tesla Board compensation derivative suit: Implications of the Final Judgment

Vertical mergers and consumer Impact: new articles from Michael Salinger and Martino De Stefano

CrowdStrike names CRA as 2025 Engagement Licensing Program Partner of the Year — Third year in a row

Over $2.9 billion recovered through settlements and judgments under the False Claims Act

Finding the truth in patent valuations—Top 3 experts weigh in

CRA announces vice president promotions

CRA’s Forensic Services Practice named Forensic Accounting Advisory Firm of the Year

How CRA can help with Second Requests

Weathering the storm: Utility resource planning in the face of weather-driven reliability risks

Recent federal circuit opinions address the economic domestic industry requirement

A tale of two stakeholder groups in regulating healthcare AI

How board members should think about the Trump administration’s tariffs

IP Literature Watch: February 2025

Interconnection queue fast-track

Dr. Christopher Palmer joins CRA's Finance Practice

CRA leading the way in analytics

Antifungal policy and practice across five countries: A qualitative review

Update on the newly established Texas Business Court

Award finalist for Intelligent Insurer’s Cyber Insurance Awards USA 2025

Is it fair? The FTC’s policies and enforcement actions on unfair methods of competition under Section 5

Significant tax risk to non-US companies created by America First Trade Policy

#Whack-a-mole: Challenges in social media investigative research

Global updates on transfer pricing guidance

Best practices for grounding brand decision-making in insights

How views on US healthcare price transparency are changing

Labor & Employment Literature Watch: Remote & hybrid work, Part 3

Merger Enforcement Guidelines Review: Comments on algorithms for merger review

Merger Enforcement Guidelines Review: Comments on minority interests

Merger Enforcement Guidelines Review: Comments on selected questions

Merger Enforcement Guidelines Review: Comments on vertical mergers

Risks to onshore and offshore wind projects from new US Administration orders

Ann Arbor municipalization study

Managing regulatory and political uncertainty for hydrogen projects under Trump 2.0

Root causes to solutions: A policy proposal to address generic drug shortages

Securities Litigation Flash: Q4 2024

IP Literature Watch: January 2025

Paving the way for expanded GLP-1 coverage

Keytruda LoE: Does it end or exacerbate the combination pricing problem?

Unlocking the power of RWE and structured data to transform clinical trial outcomes

Wildfires likely to jolt rocketing California electricity costs

Chris Bakewell recognized in Top 25 Patent Damages Experts for 2025

Rare Disease: 2024 in review

Maximizing post-merger success with strategic compliance

2024 International Arbitration review: Updates and trends

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q4 2024

CRA articles nominated in 2025 Antitrust Writing Awards by Concurrences

Impact of CT outcomes on time to market and list price of orphan medicines in France

WHO Hubs and private collaboration with LMICs as long-term solutions to improving health innovation equity

Expert suggests AI ‘broadening’ actuarial mindset in insurance

Labor & Employment Literature Watch: Remote & hybrid work, Part 2

What’s next for hydrogen in 2025?

Harnessing artificial intelligence and machine learning to combat fraud: A new era in investigations

An evidence-based framework to determine funding requirements for NCCPs

Potential impact of a second Trump term on US healthcare policy

Vaccines year in review 2024

Timelines for reaching internal milestones in molecular testing

The role of uncertainty in the future European horizontal merger guidelines: Lessons learned from Illumina/GRAIL

IP Literature Watch: December 2024

Risk, Investigations & Analytics Brazil: Year in review 2024

Labor & Employment Literature Watch: Remote & hybrid work, Part 1

How new merger filing rules will affect economic advocacy

Highlights from 2024 and looking forward to 2025

Market expectations and security prices

World Orphan Drug Congress Europe 2024 Review: 3 Themes for sustainable and equitable access to medicines for RD patients

IP Literature Watch: November 2024

CRA consultants recognized in Who’s Who Legal: Thought Leaders USA 2025

From commissions to cooperation: The real estate marketplace after the NAR Settlement

How do we power AI?

CRA consultants recognized in Lexology Client Choice Awards 2025

Meaning and limits of statistical significance

AI and market research sampling: battling bots and biases

Antibiotics as infrastructure

CMS’ Alzheimer’s NCD: Outlier or harbinger of increased scrutiny?

Infertility - A public health concern

Nearly 100 utilities’ credit ratings downgraded since 2020 as wildfire risks grow

IP Literature Watch: October 2024

Smallest saleable patent-practicing unit in life sciences disputes

Keytruda LoE: A seismic shift for oncology?

Introducing CRA AdequacyX

The socioeconomic impact of rare diseases: An analysis of the evidence in middle-income countries

Strategies for combination therapy in oncology – Part three: Thinking outside the box

Rare disease PMA trends in France: Price achieved for first indication vs. ASMR

The economic cost of living with a rare disease across Europe

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q3 2024

Psoriasis patient source of business for major IL-23 agents

Securities Litigation Flash: Q3 2024

Navigating the intersection of innovation and regulation: Addressing fraud risks in the age of artificial intelligence (“AI”)

Win-win tariff design and commercial considerations for data centers and utilities

How utilities, hyperscalers are working to tackle ‘extreme’ data center power demands

Navigating private equity in health care amid regulatory scrutiny

IP Literature Watch: September 2024

Program planning: Establishing a foundation for success

ESMO 2024 review: Improving patient survival through innovations in oncology

Psoriasis patient source of business for major IL-17 agents

Overview of Insurtech companies’ stock performance and securities class action filings

Implications of the Inflation Reduction Act for cancer medicine development

Leakage theory of loss causation and damages in securities litigation

Wildfires threaten utility financial stability

Energy investor update - Q3 2024

Know your customer: Strategic considerations for AI-powered provider segmentation

Redlining: Changes to Metro Area definitions in the 2024 HMDA data will impact redlining analyses

CRA consultants named top IP professionals in the 2024 IAM Strategy 300

IP Literature Watch: August 2024

New vertical merger test

Approaching the final frontier: Are we in a golden decade of drug development for the central nervous system?

Improving patient access to medicines targeting early-stage cancers in Europe

“Bug bounty” demands: legal bane or information security boon?

ITR World Tax Guide 2025: Rebel Curd and David Kemp recognized

Valuing Intellectual Property and Intangible Assets

CRA Canada recognized in ITR's 2025 World Transfer Pricing Guide

ITR 2025 World Transfer Pricing Guide: Three CRA consultants recognized

Life sciences considerations for investment treaty disputes

65 CRA consultants recognized in Who’s Who Legal: Consulting Experts & Thought Leaders 2024

Antibody-drug conjugates: where are we now, where is it heading, and how can you get ahead of the opportunities and challenges with key stakeholders?

Matthew DeCourcey joins CRA's Energy Practice

Hydrogen at a crossroads

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q2 2024

Rare disease PMA trends in France: Time from CT outcome to price vs. ASMR for first indication

Using economic analysis to understand patterns of trading in financial markets

IP Literature Watch: July 2024

PJM capacity prices reach historic highs, reflecting the tightening supply-demand balance and recent market rule changes

Considerations for the valuation of energy assets in arbitration

Understand how solar projects in the DACH region are the right investment and increase viability of existing assets

The end of high drug prices? Exploring the potential and limits of PDABs

Data center growth: implications for the power and utilities sector

Securities Litigation Flash: Q2 2024

Which country will win the Paris Olympics? Don’t just count medals

Trends in competition in the United States: what does the evidence show?

Population-adjusted national rankings in the Olympics

CRA Sessions | Ethics of artificial intelligence in the life sciences industry

CRA strengthens its Risk, Investigations & Analytics Practice

IP Literature Watch: June 2024

Compliance 4.0: The silent technological revolution

Is the EEOC pay data dashboard a cost-effective and useful way to evaluate pay equity issues?

Merger simulation in second-score auctions: A nested logit model

Never underestimate the role of a maverick to competition: USA et al v. American Airlines Group Inc. et al

Puerto Rico may see higher utility rates after 1st Circ. ruling

The Norwegian Competition Authority unconditionally approves an airline merger after initially raising price effect concerns in their Statement of Objections, illustrating COVID- 19’s impact on the empirical estimation of merger effects (Norwegian/Widerøe)

The economics of Bitcoin mining

ASCO 2024 review: The benefits and barriers of biomarkers in oncology

Quantifying public and private investment in European biopharmaceutical research and development

Recent trends in Rule 702 decisions – 2024

Christine Oumansour joins CRA's Energy Practice

Enabling 24/7 carbon-free energy: modeling tools and decision frameworks

Injunctions in ligation involving SEPs

Uptake of advanced therapies in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

Jonathan Rajewski joins CRA's Forensic Services Practice

Payer value demonstration—The evolving role of health economics and outcomes research (HEOR)

CRA consultants named top patent professionals in 2024 IAM Patent 1000

IP Literature Watch: May 2024

CrowdStrike selects Charles River Associates for 2024 ELP Partner of the Year for the second year in a row

DOJ launches pilot program to enhance voluntary self-disclosure and combat white-collar crime

Rare disease PMA trends in France: Time from EMA approval to CT outcome for first indication vs. ASMR

Best practices in the use of damages experts in complex commercial arbitrations

Impact of Medicare Price “Negotiation” Program on small and large molecule medicines

Key insights into FERC orders 1920 and 1977

Rethinking strategy for the net zero transition

2023 Annual Review of Antitrust Law Developments

Andy Baziliauskas and Margaret Sanderson awarded the Bill Miller Memorial Award

Assessment of the impact of earlier access to disease-modifying treatments with more convenient administration frequency in reducing the socioeconomic burden for multiple sclerosis patients in Europe

An analysis of Medicaid CPI rebates and the sustainability of US generic markets

CRA expands its Intellectual Property Practice

Patent damages jury verdicts aren't always end of the story

IP Literature Watch: April 2024

Dr. Svend Albæk joins CRA's Antitrust & Competition Economics Practice

Energy investor update - Q2 2024

Securities Litigation Flash: Q1 2024

Navigating payer challenges in rare disease

Get the most out of your AI investment

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q1 2024

CRA engagements win in 2024 GCR Awards

Fair lending: Considerations when searching for less discriminatory alternatives

Isabel Tecu wins Best Business Article (General Economics) in Antitrust Writing Awards 2024

Making the world go round - circular manufacturing

End of Lava Jato discredits political and legal stability in the country

Andrew Dressel joins CRA's Energy Practice

2024 Leaders League Recommendations

CRA expands its Competition team in Canada

IP Literature Watch: March 2024

Inflation Reduction Act Leading Indicator 2023

Long-duration energy storage Leading Indicator 2023

Law360's 2024 Editorial Boards

Distribution in the spotlight

2024 Lexology Client Choice Awards

Access solutions: Reconciling potential for improved patient access with implementation realities

CRA announces vice president promotions

Dummy variables and fixed effects

The big debate: are CEOs paid too much?

Clear yet complex: The ethical dilemma at the heart of a Brazilian Supreme Court decision to suspend ‘Operation Car Wash’ fines

Data analytics strategies for compliance

Surveillance-sharing agreements and spot crypto ETFs

IP Literature Watch: February 2024

Large orders and spoofing allegations

Layered orders and spoofing allegations

CRA Insights: A landscape assessment of newborn screening (NBS) in Europe

Initial public offerings and Section 11 claims

Challenges to a dual: What makes a dual-brand approach viable?

Lessons on airline partnerships

SAF to be used in Singapore departing flights from 2026

The EU’s SEP proposal: A geopolitical perspective

The stock price that didn’t react: Tesla reaction to Court’s ruling

Antitrust Writing Awards 2024

Antitrust & Competition Year in Review 2023

The many faces of the chief strategy officer

CRA named Elite Economics Consulting Firm by GCR 100 2024

SEC and PCAOB Enforcement: 2023 accounting and audit highlights

Securities Litigation Flash: Q4 2023

The Ozempic Dilemma: What makes a dual-brand approach viable?

Primer on futures markets and spoofing allegations

Laila Haider recognized in the Top Women Leaders of DC for 2024

Mitigating M&A cyber risk: pre- & post-acquisition due diligence

Clean hydrogen has a serious demand problem

Nuclear saw sector-wide developments in 2023

The benefits of employee surveys for ethics and compliance programs

Impact of the EU's general pharmaceutical legislation on Europe's innovation ecosystem and biotechnology companies

CRA Sessions | Artificial intelligence in human resources

CRA ranked most active expert firm in arbitration overall

IP Literature Watch: January 2024

Insider Trading and Market Manipulation Watch: Q4 2023

2023 International Arbitration review: Updates and trends

The emerging business models for digital therapeutics

Size, defense, and settlements: An in-depth analysis of Rule 10b-5 suits in US stocks

Rare Disease: 2023 in Review

Tesla Board compensation derivative suit settlement

The new hydrogen tax credits could revolutionize how clean energy is counted

Evolving business models: Pharmaceutical incubators

AI in drug discovery and development: Will it live up to the hype?

Hydrogen project commercialization in the United States: 45V guidance and assessing operating risk for electrolyzer projects

Major firms seek to shift transfer pricing law landscape in 2024

Exploring the factors affecting the levelized cost of hydrogen production

IP Literature Watch: December 2023

Is there a formula for successful GRIP applications?

Highlights from 2023 and looking forward to 2024

Heightened cybersecurity risks posed by North Korean IT workers impersonating non-DPRK Nationals

Where are we now? The promises and pitfalls of solid tumor CAR-T therapy

The preferences of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on riluzole treatment in Europe

Fair Lending Due Diligence

Mitigating risk in mergers and acquisitions amid regulatory changes

Source of business for biosimilars in immunology

Occupational dualism and intergenerational educational mobility in the rural economy: evidence from China and India

ESMO 2023: Clinical Considerations & Payer Perspectives

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Watch: Q3 2023

An economic analysis of the artificial intelligence-copyright nexus

IP Literature Watch: November 2023

Strategies for combination therapy in oncology: Part two – Working with the “status quo”

The hunt for ‘holy grail’ of clean energy buried beneath the ground

Imperfect price information, market power, and tax pass-through

Antimicrobial resistance policy solutions

CRA announces Hydrogen Project Economics Risk Assessment Model (CRA H2Risk)

3 Steps for cell & gene therapy medical affairs teams to provide strategic value

The Paradigm Shift: Navigating the emergence of value-based contracts for future gene therapies

CRA consultants recognized as top cyber security experts

The global SEP landscape: Estimating royalty flows in and out of Germany

The transition to net zero: a 21st Century industrial revolution

A longitudinal perspective on innovation

Capturing sub-hourly value for fast-response resources

Interference with your mining contract: How can you protect your rights?

Oncology vaccines: Are they positioned for PMA success?

CRA consultants named top IP professionals in the 2023 IAM Strategy 300

The burden of non-specific pain disorder in US women

The longitudinal history of medicines innovation: Part Two

CRA coverage on CUSC modification CMP376

IP Literature Watch: October 2023

Energy affordability spotlight

CRA Summer Internship Experience

The longitudinal history of medicines innovation: Part One

The role of forensics

Strategies for combination therapy in oncology: Part one – Business as usual

Economic analysis of short-term rentals in New Orleans

Forced labor and the S of ESG

Market advised to proceed with fund names rule compliance

Securities Litigation Flash: Q3 2023

Companies are divided between releasing or restricting tools like ChatGPT at work

Report on proposed CUSC modification CMP376

IP Literature Watch: September 2023

Electrifying fleets: Challenges, opportunities and considerations

Roundtable: Transitioning Medical Affairs to strategically co-lead clinical development and commercialization efforts

CRA’s Forensic Services Practice awarded Americas Engagement Licensing Program Partner of the Year by CrowdStrike

The effect of algorithms and artificial intelligence on the likelihood of coordinated effects as described in Guideline 3 of the draft Merger Guidelines

Comments to improve the draft merger guidelines

Greg Bell ranked among The Top 50 Leaders in Healthcare Consulting of 2023

Enhancing antitrust analysis of digital platforms: What can we learn from recent economic research

Inflation Reduction Act: Reforms to patient cost-sharing

Unpack the “turducken” and publish three separate documents

Vertical mergers: The guidelines should discuss an additional theory of harm and the use of quantitative tests on ability to foreclose versus incentive to foreclose

Recommendations for revisions to the draft merger guidelines

What shapes an ethical culture? Insights from top compliance leaders

Inflation Reduction Act: Adjustments to medication pricing and reimbursement

Inflation Reduction Act: Increasing healthcare coverage, reducing healthcare prices. How will it impact manufacturers?

Interplay between Amazon store and logistics

Analyzing merger effects on input prices when prices are negotiated

Antitrust Economics for Lawyers

Contracts that reference rivals

Coordinated effects in merger analysis

Distinguishing between market power and monopoly power in a Section 2 exclusion case

Dr. Reitman writes chapter in Antitrust Economics for Lawyers

Economics of distribution and franchising and their legal implications

Endogeneity problems in empirical analyses of antitrust and competition

Estimating damages in collusion cases

Market definition and multi-product firms in merger analysis

Michelle Burtis contributes to 2023 Antitrust Economics for Lawyers

Price collusion using artificial intelligence

The dangers of instant messaging in the corporate world

The economics of monopsony

Unilateral effects of horizontal mergers

Sports injuries and game stakes: Concussions in the National Football League

All about that B

CRA Canada recognized in ITR's 2024 World Transfer Pricing Guide

ITR 2024 World Transfer Pricing Guide: Three CRA consultants recognized

ITR World Tax Guide 2024: Rebel Curd and David Kemp recognized

IP Literature Watch: August 2023

An international comparative analysis and roadmap to sustainable biosimilar markets

Eric Nierenberg joins CRA as Vice President

Ten years of Anti-Corruption Law: What has changed?

Recent Trends in Rule 702 Decisions - 2023

IP Literature Watch: July 2023

Medical Affairs Evolution

Pierre Régibeau’s exit interview

Trust and Trade: The delicate dance of joint defense groups

Why social media analytics is an essential component of due diligence

Climate policies and investment: Implications for disputes

Trends in renewable energy disputes in the Americas

Brazilian transfer pricing changes: Finding local comparable companies

How do you know where your data is?

The second order effects of the Inflation Reduction Act: What uncertainties does Pharma need to plan for?

Labels, artists, and contracts in today's music industry: An economic analysis

Assessing costs and benefits of different RTO participation

DOJ updates Corporate Enforcement Policy to strengthen corporate accountability, transparency

Insider Trading and Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q2 2023

New concentration thresholds in the draft 2023 US Merger Guidelines

The Investment Treaty Arbitration Review: Considerations for the valuation of energy assets in arbitration

Analyzing trends in the Asia Pacific

Trade Secrets Monetary Remedies Commentary

LNG vs. pipeline gas in procurement and risk strategy

Six characteristics of leading performers in the utility industry

Big tech acquisitions and innovation incentives

Labor & Employment Literature Watch: Pay transparency

Outlining the need for early reimbursed access to curative therapies

CRA reports on Ofgem’s approach to determining EBIT allowance

CRA’s Medical Affairs Professional Society (MAPS) Lisbon Roundtable

Towards an efficiencies standard that benefits Canadians

Are you focused? A post-COVID health check for utilities

CRA consultants named top patent professionals in 2023 IAM Patent 1000

IP Literature Watch: June 2023

Precision approach to population health can benefit patients and health systems

Valentín Estévez quoted in Bloomberg Law on pay equity

Disputes Involving Mineral Assets: Statistics & Trends

Federal Tax Credit implications and monetization strategies for utilities

A case study for building the utility's integrated planning roadmap

A policy call to address rare kidney disease in healthcare plans

Fair Lending w/ CRA's Dr. Adam Gailey

Slack v. Pirani: Will the Section 11 tracing requirement lead to more direct listings?

Economic analysis of proposed regulations of cloud services in Europe

Japan’s push for workplace equality

Part 4: Inflation Reduction Act: The indirect effects and implications of IRA price negotiations

The market that never was: The contested acquisition of a single grain elevator in Canada

France: A step towards more regulated drug prices

Takeaways from roundtable discussion on Medical Affairs challenges at MAPS 2023 Global Annual Meeting

IP Literature Watch: May 2023

How PE firms can prepare for the DOJ’s Section 8 crackdown on interlocking directorates across portfolio companies

Breaking up mergers after the fact: Opportunities and problems

Martino De Stefano receives award for antitrust scholarship

Why don't we talk about the "G" of ESG?

Hydrogen's potential role in LDCs' transition to a low-carbon future

The risk of incrementalism and the importance of clear strategy during periods of uncertainty

IP Literature Watch: April 2023

Lessons in value creation

Private equity and competition—Comparing US agency views to recent policy and empirical evidence

Viability of European cross-border access opportunities to streamline access to ATMPs

The Intel saga – implications for the implementation of the As Efficient Competitor Test in rebate cases

An analysis of obesity diagnosis and treatment in Medicare and the associated policy landscape

CRA at the 2023 GCR Awards

Competition analysis of the electric vehicle recharging market across the EU27 + the UK

Insider Trading and Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q1 2023

Q&A with Greg Bell in Power Players: International Arbitration 2023 – Exceptional experts

Value-creating strategies for small and mid-cap chemical companies

Merger Enforcement Statistics: 2001–2020

Ayushman Ghosh joins CRA's Life Sciences Practice

Journey to an integrated planning process

Representations and warranties insurance - Seventh Edition

The Comprehensive Guide to Economic Damages, Seventh Edition

IP Literature Watch: March 2023

Charles River Associates announces six VP promotions

Laila Haider recognized in The Top 50 Women Leaders of DC for 2023

How COVID-19 could revolutionize the UK pharmaceutical procurement landscape: A DOAC procurement case study

Mining arbitrations involving offtake agreements: Industry and damages considerations

SEP licensing in the United States: Understanding the impact on US business

Breaking the time capsule: Global Life Sciences industry trends in 2010 and today

Pre-award interest: The appropriate spread on interest rate benchmarks

The Competitive Edge: Dr. Philip Marsden on specialist tech regulation

The end of LIBOR: Which benchmark rate for pre-award interest?

IP Literature Watch: February 2023

Why 2022 was a turning point for nuclear power

Even recession-proof companies need strong compliance controls

CJEU decision on beneficial ownership registries will exacerbate financial crime

Litigation: Year in Review 2022

Artificial intelligence in human resource management: Realizing its potential and best practices

CRA Sessions | Economics of hog farms and supply chains

Fair lending considerations in bank or finance company mergers and acquisitions

Federal Tax Credit implications and monetization strategies for power producers and utilities

Antitrust & Competition Year in Review 2022

Comments to Bloomberg Law about Massachusetts’ 12% pre- and post-judgment interest rate

Josh Sherman appointed new Chief Economist of Israel Competition Authority

What is disparate impact testing?

IP Literature Watch: January 2023

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q4 2022

Transfer Pricing: 2022 in review

When the relevant market is your work force: How labor law may inform M&A

CRA Consultants Shortlisted in W@Competition Five Star Professionals Survey

2022 International Arbitration review: Updates and trends

Report for Ofcom on media plurality and online intermediaries

Country Risk

Damages in Life Sciences Arbitration 2022

What are the main risks for companies in 2023?

IP Literature Watch: December 2022

Report finds new rules would impact New York City’s local tourism industry

Rare Disease: A year in review 2022

Assessing the impact of rarity on French HTA and pricing decisions

David DesLauriers quoted in EnvironmentAnalyst on the Inflation Reduction Act programs

France’s ATU reform: Early access remains possible, but not all diseases are equal

How eligible patient numbers affect price of rare disease drugs in France

Affordability and credit quality in the gas utility industry

Hydrogen finds its feet

Quenton Wright interviewed by HRDive on pay parity

Extracting strategic value from prior proceedings

Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology Litigation

Technical Report on Energy Communities

The Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment Program

CRA acquires bioStrategies Group, Inc.

Four US Competition experts recognized as Global Elite Thought Leaders by Who's Who Legal

IP Literature Watch: November 2022

Lars Wiethaus' Q&A with Who's Who Legal

Raphaël De Coninck and Lars Wiethaus named Global Elite Thought Leaders by Who's Who Legal

Raphaël De Coninck's Q&A with Who's Who Legal

Treatment patterns in patients with uterine fibroids with and without a diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding: Results from a large US claims database

Insights: Transfer Pricing

CRA consultants win 2022 Lexology Client Choice Awards 2022

Medtronic v. Commissioner: Rebel Curd and Robin Hart interviewed by Law360 Tax Authority

Conducting sensitive investigations of workplace misconduct

Mergers and acquisitions in the tech industry: Are they different?

Navigating transfer pricing amidst economic headwinds

A critical review of 5G SEP studies

Gastech 2022: Hydrogen market gaining traction

Inflation Reduction Act: Increasing healthcare coverage, reducing healthcare prices

Part 3: Inflation Reduction Act: Reforms to patient cost-sharing

Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? Behavioral Public Choice Theory and the debate over antitrust reform

Exchange Traded Crypto Assets

IP Literature Watch: October 2022

Part 2: Inflation Reduction Act: Adjustments to medication pricing and reimbursement

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q3 2022

Part 1: Inflation Reduction Act: Expanding patient access to healthcare

The mental health burden and quality of life impact of Myelodysplastic syndromes in patients and their caregivers

Part 2: Low-priced oncology disruptors: The cuckoo in the PD-1/PD-L1 nest or the runt of the clutch?

Your net-zero plan may be “good”, but is it “right”?

Low-priced oncology disruptors: The cuckoo in the PD-1/PD-L1 nest or the runt of the clutch?

CRA acknowledged in ITR's 2023 World Transfer Pricing Guide

Rebel Curd and David Kemp recognized ITR's 2023 World Tax Guide

Three CRA consultants recognized in ITR's 2023 World Transfer Pricing Guide

CRA Insights: Life Sciences

IP Literature Watch: September 2022

Gas contract indexation and market power

US Tax Court favors unspecified method to determine royalty rate

Regulatory changes present new sources of renewable energy disputes

Transfer pricing audit defense and negotiation with the NTA

Institutional investors divided on SEC emissions reporting proposals

Coal-retirement energy communities: Analysis of emerging tax credit opportunities from the Inflation Reduction Act

Funding strategy for utilities in response to the IIJA and IRA

Patent Damages: Recent Trends in Daubert Decisions

IP Literature Watch: August 2022

Greg Bell ranked among The Top 50 Leaders in Healthcare Consulting of 2022

Unique barriers in development & launch of Disruptive Healthcare Products

Inequities in patient support, well-being, and treatment access for triple negative breast cancer patients

Climate disclosure opens up litigation path

ESG fund rules reignite debate on SEC’s remit

Gene therapy competitive dynamics: Winner takes all

Hydrogen market development in the United States: Creating value from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

Exclusive dealings in multisided platform markets: The case of Gympass in Brazil

Insider Trading and Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q2 2022

The future of mergers

What Have We Learned From Empirical Studies? Potential Antitrust Concerns Arising From Common Ownership

Climate policies and investment: Implications for disputes

IP Literature Watch: July 2022

CRA Insights: Blockchain & Cryptocurrency

CRA Competition consultants recognized in 2022 Who's Who Legal

Political tensions up the ante for SEC green agenda

Application of the Merchant Indifference Test in Switzerland – A Response to the Swiss Economics Report “Need for Regulation of Debit and Credit Cards”

Risk in the Supply Chain: Proposed Laws Seek Unprecedented Transparency

David Cowen joins CRA's Forensic Services Practice

12 CRA consultants named top IP professionals in the 2022 IAM Patent 1000

IP Literature Watch: June 2022

Investment treaty disputes in the life sciences Industry

Trade Secret Protection: A Global Guide

The end of LIBOR: Which benchmark rate for pre-award interest?

Pre-award interest: Is LIBOR+2% a reasonable commercial rate?

Biologically similar but competitively not so? Economic considerations of IP litigation settlements involving biosimilars

Patients v. Hospitals: Why define markets at all if every market satisfies the SSNIP Test?

How Russian sanctions are exposing law firms to new supply chains risks

Should we screen for lung cancer? A 10-country analysis identifying key decision-making factors

IP Literature Watch: May 2022

Elaine Wood on ESG risk management in Reuters Digital

Addressing low response rates in expert surveys

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch: Q1 2022

Simon Chisholm recognized as Thought Leader in Competition by GCR and Who’s Who Legal 2022

Cryptocurrency Certified at CRA

Section 11 damages computation for direct listings

Gene therapy competitive dynamics: Winner takes all?

Labor & Employment Literature Watch: Pay equity and the gender pay gap

The Media Show - Reporting on the Abuse of Power

Law360: Parsing M&A liquidity and fair value in Delaware and Caymans

Ukraine War and five lasting changes for the energy sector

Cryptocurrency as Digital Quicksilver: Capturing the value, preserving the estate, managing the risks

Strengthening Compliance: 8 actions for your compliance program

IP Literature Watch: April 2022

RDSpotlight: Project LEOPARD

Life Sciences Litigation Insights: April 2022

The relationship between energy infrastructure and consumer costs

A landscape assessment of newborn screening in Europe

The impact of the global methane pledge on the Brazilian beef industry

Impact of EU orphan designation on generic and biosimilar entry

International Arbitration Update

Reflecting on 2021: Risk, Investigations & Analytics

IP Literature Watch: March 2022

Insider Trading & Market Manipulation Literature Watch - Q4 2021

Leveraging artificial intelligence to better diagnose, monitor, and treat disease: Applications in MS

End payor and direct purchaser Section 1 claims survive dismissal in MDL alleging illegal reverse payment scheme involving calcium control drugs

ESG’s function in merger reviews is likely to grow

Inequities in care and treatment for triple negative breast cancer patients

Life Sciences Litigation Insights: March 2022

How should public health recommendations address Lp(a) measurement, a causative risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

What’s so special about hospitals? An examination and look into hospital merger review and analysis

Drug Development – The promise of cutting-edge microbiome-based therapeutics

Entry deterrence, concentration, and merger policy

CRA welcomes Welch Consulting colleagues to Labor & Employment Practice

Can state price gouging laws be practically applied to long-run events?

IP Literature Watch: February 2022

Reflecting on 2021: Energy in the headlines

Marakon Commentary: Your net-zero plan may be “good”, but is it “right”?

A look at Chinese courts’ new approach to IP damages

What changes to pricing guidelines mean for drugs in Canada

Global macroeconomic outlook

IA Insights: The importance of interest in arbitral awards

Rising to the challenge of competition enforcement in digital markets

How does rare disease prevalence impact drug pricing in England?

IP Literature Watch: January 2022

Anna Soubbotina featured in Women of IFA Network (WIN) USA Newsletter

CRA consultants nominated for 2022 Antitrust Writing Awards

Liz Bailey joins CRA's Antitrust & Competition Practice

Transfer Pricing: The year in review

Making the transition to CEO: A strategy for personal success

Enhancing and complementing the effectiveness of multifactor authentication

An analysis of the effect of drug pricing provisions in the Build Back Better Act on pharmaceutical innovation

Enhancing case decision-making: some blue sky thinking from a rainy island

The 3 business models that will attract buyers to my high-cost medical device

The epidemiology of persons living with Fontan in 2020 and projections for 2030: Development of an epidemiology model providing multinational estimates

IP Literature Watch: December 2021

“Anticompetitive effects of common ownership” at seven years

R you being foreclosed?

Health care fraud self-disclosure protocol

Top 10 ways to enhance MFA

PMPRB: Where do we go from here?

Podcast: Factual Witness and Expert Evidence

Sustainability strategies in the chemical sector

Assessing the implications of centralized drug price setting to investment in clinical development for HIV treatments

Moving from net-zero pledges to plans

Section 230 and the Problem of Social Cost

IP Literature Watch: November 2021

Bargaining at retail stores: Evidence from Vienna

Addressing the key challenges facing international arbitration after the COVID-19 pandemic

Supporting appropriate recognition and action for vaccination in AMR National Action Plans

An update on merchant energy storage: Key investor considerations

Assessing the value of medicine for diverse patients: Implications of a QALY approach for health disparities

The comparability challenges patent damages experts face

Utility planning solutions for a decentralized grid

Five challenges limiting widespread adoption of microbiome-based diagnostics

Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage in the 2020s: Four key challenges

IP Literature Watch: October 2021

Disparities in screening and diagnosis for triple negative breast cancer

Drug price controls in the US: A roundtable discussion with experts

Natural Gas Pathways to Sustainability

Taking the con out of econometrics? Challenges to using “Difference in Differences” in competition cases

The economics and global implications of the French Google decision in ad tech

Transfer pricing consultants recognized by industry

Chasing growth: The rise, proliferation, and stagnation of alcoholic RTDs

Insights: Transfer pricing third quarter roundup

Managing Discrimination Risk of Machine Learning and AI Models

CRA acknowledged in ITR's 2022 World Transfer Pricing Guide

Rebel Curd and David Kemp recognized as “highly regarded” leaders in ITR's 2022 World Tax Guide

Responding to allegations of model errors: SEC enforcement trends

Three CRA consultants recognized in ITR's 2022 World Transfer Pricing Guide

When antitrust’s consumer welfare standard and ESG collide

IP Literature Watch: September 2021

Microbiome-Based Therapeutics: Negotiating Key Development Challenges

The fundamentals of brand valuation and evaluation – key concepts and issues

Modelling optimal hydrogen transmission network infrastructure

COVID impact on MedTech priorities

Cécile Matthews quoted in Pink Sheet article following study on non-oncology orphan drug pricing in France

CRA + SVP

The Implications of the FCC’s New Reassigned Number Database for Wrong Number Class Action TCPA Cases

Biosimilars: Economic Issues for IP Litigation

CRA welcomes Randel Young as a senior consultant to the Energy Practice

Drake Hernandez shortlisted for Gastech Future Energy Leader Under 30 Award

IP Literature Watch: August 2021

How will COVID-19 impact drug funding and reimbursement?

Drake Hernandez’s co-authored study on hydrogen-fired gas turbines highlighted by the MIT Energy Initiative

Life Sciences Litigation Insights: August 2021

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Funding and Reimbursement of Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines

How abandoned mines can power our future

Renewable Energy Disputes in the Americas: Potential Future Developments

The New Vertical Merger Guidelines: Muddying the Waters